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Ingredient file // Animal protein

Beef Liver

Useful organ protein, best in measured amounts

Beef liver is the liver of cattle, added to dog food fresh or dried. It supplies animal protein, iron, copper and vitamin A, and manufacturers value its flavor. Its share matters, especially if a dog also gets liver treats or needs a copper restricted diet.

Beef Liver
What it is
The liver of cattle, used as a fresh or dried animal ingredient in dog food.
Made from
Livers collected during cattle processing
Main job
Protein, minerals and flavor
Typical amount
Not published
Watch for
Extra liver in copper restricted diets
Not the same as
Beef muscle meat

Straight answer

Is Beef Liver safe for dogs?

Welcome liver, then inspect the whole recipe

Beef liver beside named meats adds protein and flavor. Its position reflects weight before cooking, so fresh liver's water can make its dry contribution look larger. Read the complete food's nutrient profile. If your dog needs a copper restricted diet, ask for measured copper and skip extra liver treats.

Why it is in the food
Protein, minerals and flavor

Our read // In our catalog

In 1 of every 14 foods we track

Share of foods that list it

7%

229 of the 3,204 foods with an ingredient list on file, from 59 brands. 95 wet dog food, 42 dry dog food, 39 frozen dog food.

Each square is 1% of the catalog

Where it sits on the label

Median position 4. In the top five of 187 foods, so it is usually a main ingredient.

Top five List position, heaviest first

Above the salt

99%

Almost always listed before the salt, so there is more of it than a pinch.

Price per lb

Foods with it $5.00
All foods $3.25

Median of the cheapest bag price across 61 priced foods, 54% above the catalog. The price is the food's, not the ingredient's.

Who leans on it

13%

of the foods that list it are from Merrick. 59 brands use it in total.

What it is

How it is made

Liver is a slaughter by-product, taken from cattle whose livers are not kept for the human meat case. Much of it is folded into general meat meal, though some is kept separate, fresh or dried, for pet food.5

  1. 01 // Source Cattle liver Liver is a slaughter by-product, made from livers not used for human consumption.
  2. 02 // Process Often folded into meat meal Livers are not always sold on their own; processors usually fold them into general meat meal instead.
  3. 03 // Process Dried if needed Liver sold as a separate dry ingredient is usually spray dried or freeze dried, then ground.
  4. 04 // Output Beef liver Fresh or dried liver reaches the pet food plant to be weighed into a recipe.

What is in it

Composition, dry matter

73.6

% protein

Protein in one sampled dried cattle liver meal. It shows the protein contribution, but it is not a measured average for fresh beef liver.

Crude protein 73.6%5
Crude fat 16.6%5
Iron 1,650 mg/kg5
Copper 14 mg/kg5
Phosphorus 11 g/kg5
Ash 4.2%5

These dry matter figures come from one cattle liver meal sample, not a range for fresh beef liver. Liver meal can include other organs; fresh cattle liver in another study held about 72 to 74% water.4,5

Why it is in the bag

What the manufacturer gets

  1. 01

    Adds animal protein

    Fresh cattle liver supplies protein, though much of its weight is water. The contribution to finished food depends on how much the manufacturer adds.4,9

  2. 02

    Adds liver flavor

    An industry project describes liver as highly palatable. A dog preference study found that interest after eating was highest for an animal based recipe containing beef liver and trim, but it did not isolate liver's effect.1,6

  3. 03

    Adds concentrated minerals

    One cattle liver meal sample measured 1,650 mg/kg iron and 14 mg/kg copper on a dry matter basis.5

How much A red meat industry project says liver in pet food is generally kept below 5 to 10% of diet dry matter because of vitamin A.6

Our read // The claims

What the evidence supports

Strong: controlled studies in dogs agree. Some: small or mixed dog data. Thin: mechanism or lab work only. None: nothing, or the evidence points the other way.

  1. Brands say

    Beef liver contributes real animal protein

    Evidence

    1. Strong
    2. Some
    3. Thin
    4. None

    Fresh liver from 2 cattle groups measured 17.47% and 18.79% protein as fed. That is animal protein, but its place on an ingredient list does not show how much protein remains in the finished food.4,9

  2. Owners say

    Beef is the most common dog food allergen

    Evidence

    1. Strong
    2. Some
    3. Thin
    4. None

    A review counted beef reactions in 102 of 297 dogs with documented food reactions, the most of any source. Those were selected cases, and liver was never tested on its own, so liver's specific risk is unmeasured.2

  3. Brands say

    Liver makes every dog love its food

    Outruns the evidence

    Evidence

    1. Strong
    2. Some
    3. Thin
    4. None

    In a study of 8 Beagles, an animal based recipe containing beef liver and trim drew greater interest after eating. It also contained other meats, so the study cannot credit liver or predict every dog's preference.1

  4. Brands say

    Beef liver prevents anemia in dogs

    Outruns the evidence

    Evidence

    1. Strong
    2. Some
    3. Thin
    4. None

    One cattle liver meal sample contained 1,650 mg/kg of iron on a dry matter basis. Iron content alone does not show prevention or treatment of anemia; the cited sources include no dog trial testing that outcome for beef liver.5

  5. Critics say

    Beef liver is just filler

    Outruns the evidence

    Evidence

    1. Strong
    2. Some
    3. Thin
    4. None

    One dried cattle liver meal sample measured 73.6% protein on a dry matter basis and also contained fat and minerals. Beef liver has a nutritional job; its contribution to a food depends on the amount used.4,5

Straight answers

What owners ask

  1. Q01

    Is it just filler?

    No

    Liver supplies protein, fat and minerals, and manufacturers use its flavor. A small addition makes a small contribution, but it still has a job in the recipe.4,5,6

  2. Q02

    Is fresh liver better than dried?

    No proof

    Fresh cattle liver in one study was about 72 to 74% water. Drying removes that water and changes its label weight. Neither form has a demonstrated health advantage based on its name alone.4,5,9

  3. Q03

    Should I add liver treats?

    Usually unnecessary

    Beef liver supplies vitamin A and copper on top of the dog's regular food. Keep extra servings modest; for a dog on a copper restricted diet, ask the treating clinician before adding liver treats.3,5,6,7

Who uses it

Brands, best sellers and the company it keeps

Top brands, by foods that list it

  1. Merrick 29 / 107
  2. Instinct 26 / 98
  3. Stella & Chewy's 20 / 85
  4. Nulo 9 / 117
  5. Nutro 8 / 71
  6. Wellness 7 / 118
  7. Fromm 6 / 67
  8. The Honest Kitchen 6 / 36
  9. I and Love and You 6 / 23
  10. Dr. Marty 5 / 6

Foods that list it / all the brand's recipes we track.

Plus 49 more brands.

Amazon best sellers that list it

  1. #43 Stella & Chewy’s Marie’s Magical Dinner Dust Grass-Fed Beef Recipe Freeze-Dried Raw Dog Food Topper
  2. #46 The Honest Kitchen Grain-Free Beef Recipe Whole Food Clusters Dry Dog Food
  3. #60 Fromm Four-Star Beef Frittata Veg® Recipe Grain-Free Dry Dog Food

Rank on Amazon's dog food best seller list, checked October 2026.

Usually listed with, share of the foods that list it

  1. Beef 85%
  2. Carrots 45%
  3. Sweet Potatoes 30%
  4. Beef Broth 29%
  5. Beef Kidney 25%
  6. Beef Heart 23%
  7. Dried Egg Product 21%
  8. Peas 19%
  9. Lamb 18%
  10. Mixed Tocopherols 17%
  11. Natural Flavor 16%
  12. Sunflower Oil 15%

On the shelf

Foods that list Beef Liver

229 foods in our catalog list it. These 60 list it highest on the label.

Stella & Chewy’s Marie’s Magical Dinner Dust Grass-Fed Beef Recipe Freeze-Dried Raw Dog Food TopperStella & Chewy'sStella & Chewy’s Marie’s Magical Dinner Dust Grass-Fed Beef Recipe Freeze-Dried Raw Dog Food TopperTopper // No. 2 on the labelTruDog Freeze-Dried Raw Beef Protein Grain-Free Dog Food TopperTruDogTruDog Freeze-Dried Raw Beef Protein Grain-Free Dog Food TopperTopper // No. 2 on the labelTruDog Freeze-Dried Raw Skin & Coat Grain-Free Dog Food TopperTruDogTruDog Freeze-Dried Raw Skin & Coat Grain-Free Dog Food TopperTopper // No. 2 on the labelWe Feed Raw Beef Frozen Dog FoodWe Feed RawWe Feed Raw Beef Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelInstinct FreshDried Raw Meals for Puppies Chicken Recipe Grain-Free Freeze-Dried Dog FoodInstinctInstinct FreshDried Raw Meals for Puppies Chicken Recipe Grain-Free Freeze-Dried Dog FoodFreeze-Dried // No. 2 on the labelInstinct FreshDried Meal Blends Beef & Orchard Blend Freeze-Dried Dog FoodInstinctInstinct FreshDried Meal Blends Beef & Orchard Blend Freeze-Dried Dog FoodFreeze-Dried // No. 2 on the labelAnswers Pet Food Straight Simply Protein Beef Formula Grain-Free Dog Food TopperAnswers Pet FoodAnswers Pet Food Straight Simply Protein Beef Formula Grain-Free Dog Food TopperTopper // No. 2 on the labelAnswers Pet Food Detailed Mighty Raw Beef Frozen Dog FoodAnswers Pet FoodAnswers Pet Food Detailed Mighty Raw Beef Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelVital Essentials Raw Entrées Beef Entree Patties Frozen Dog FoodVital EssentialsVital Essentials Raw Entrées Beef Entree Patties Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelGrandma Lucy’s Top It Beef Stew Dog Food TopperGrandma Lucy'sGrandma Lucy’s Top It Beef Stew Dog Food TopperTopper // No. 2 on the labelPrimal Kibble in the Raw Dry Dog FoodPrimalPrimal Kibble in the Raw Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 2 on the labelVital Essentials Freeze-Dried Beef Ground Topper/Mix-In Dog Food TopperVital EssentialsVital Essentials Freeze-Dried Beef Ground Topper/Mix-In Dog Food TopperTopper // No. 2 on the label
Show 48 more
Dave’s Pet Food Naturally Healthy Chicken & Beef Entrée For Dogs / Wet Dog FoodDave's Pet FoodDave’s Pet Food Naturally Healthy Chicken & Beef Entrée For Dogs / Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 2 on the labelPrimal Freeze-Dried Raw Scoopable Pronto Dog Food TopperPrimalPrimal Freeze-Dried Raw Scoopable Pronto Dog Food TopperTopper // No. 2 on the labelHalo Holistic Freeze-Dried Raw Beef Protein Topper Dog Food TopperHaloHalo Holistic Freeze-Dried Raw Beef Protein Topper Dog Food TopperTopper // No. 2 on the labelHalo Holistic Freeze-Dried Raw Skin & Coat Topper Dog Food TopperHaloHalo Holistic Freeze-Dried Raw Skin & Coat Topper Dog Food TopperTopper // No. 2 on the labelInstinct Raw Boost RawBoost+ Shakers Grass-Fed Beef Recipe Grain-Free Dog Food TopperInstinctInstinct Raw Boost RawBoost+ Shakers Grass-Fed Beef Recipe Grain-Free Dog Food TopperTopper // No. 2 on the labelNulo FreeStyle True Boost Whole Prey Mixers Beef & Coconut Recipe Dog Food TopperNuloNulo FreeStyle True Boost Whole Prey Mixers Beef & Coconut Recipe Dog Food TopperTopper // No. 2 on the labelMerrick Real Texas Beef Grain Free Wet Dog FoodMerrickMerrick Real Texas Beef Grain Free Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 2 on the labelInstinct Raw Longevity Patties Grass-Fed Beef & Wild-Caught Cod Recipe Frozen Dog FoodInstinctInstinct Raw Longevity Patties Grass-Fed Beef & Wild-Caught Cod Recipe Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelInstinct Raw Longevity Patties Grass-Fed Beef Recipe Frozen Dog FoodInstinctInstinct Raw Longevity Patties Grass-Fed Beef Recipe Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelInstinct Raw Longevity Bites Cage-Free Chicken Recipe for Puppies Grain-Free Frozen Dog FoodInstinctInstinct Raw Longevity Bites Cage-Free Chicken Recipe for Puppies Grain-Free Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelInstinct Raw Longevity Bites Grass-Fed Lamb Recipe Frozen Dog FoodInstinctInstinct Raw Longevity Bites Grass-Fed Lamb Recipe Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelInstinct Raw Longevity Bites Grass-Fed Beef & Wild-Caught Cod Recipe Frozen Dog FoodInstinctInstinct Raw Longevity Bites Grass-Fed Beef & Wild-Caught Cod Recipe Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelInstinct Raw Longevity Bites Grass-Fed Beef Recipe Grain-Free Frozen Dog FoodInstinctInstinct Raw Longevity Bites Grass-Fed Beef Recipe Grain-Free Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelInstinct Raw Signature Patties Real Beef Recipe Frozen Dog FoodInstinctInstinct Raw Signature Patties Real Beef Recipe Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelInstinct Raw Signature Bites Real Lamb Recipe Frozen Dog FoodInstinctInstinct Raw Signature Bites Real Lamb Recipe Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelInstinct Raw Signature Bites Real Beef Recipe Frozen Dog FoodInstinctInstinct Raw Signature Bites Real Beef Recipe Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelInstinct Raw Patties Real Beef Recipe Frozen Dog FoodInstinctInstinct Raw Patties Real Beef Recipe Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelInstinct Raw Bites Cage-Free Chicken Recipe for Puppies Frozen Dog FoodInstinctInstinct Raw Bites Cage-Free Chicken Recipe for Puppies Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelInstinct Raw Bites Grass-Fed Lamb Recipe Grain-Free Frozen Dog FoodInstinctInstinct Raw Bites Grass-Fed Lamb Recipe Grain-Free Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelInstinct Raw Bites Real Beef Recipe Grain-Free Frozen Dog FoodInstinctInstinct Raw Bites Real Beef Recipe Grain-Free Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelWysong Optimize Beef Heart & Liver Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodWysongWysong Optimize Beef Heart & Liver Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 2 on the labelTiki Dog Raw Beef, Beef Liver and Beef Bone Broth Frozen Raw Dog FoodTiki DogTiki Dog Raw Beef, Beef Liver and Beef Bone Broth Frozen Raw Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelStella & Chewy’s Stella’s Super Beef Frozen Raw Dinner Patties Frozen Dog FoodStella & Chewy'sStella & Chewy’s Stella’s Super Beef Frozen Raw Dinner Patties Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelStella & Chewy’s Stella’s Super Beef Frozen Raw Dinner Morsels Frozen Dog FoodStella & Chewy'sStella & Chewy’s Stella’s Super Beef Frozen Raw Dinner Morsels Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelStella & Chewy’s Marie’s Kitchen Gently Cooked Grass-Fed Beef Recipe Frozen Dog FoodStella & Chewy'sStella & Chewy’s Marie’s Kitchen Gently Cooked Grass-Fed Beef Recipe Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 2 on the labelMerrick Backcountry Freeze-Dried Raw Mixer Real Beef Recipe Dog Food TopperMerrickMerrick Backcountry Freeze-Dried Raw Mixer Real Beef Recipe Dog Food TopperTopper // No. 2 on the labelMerrick Backcountry Freeze-Dried Raw Meal Mixer Real Beef Recipe Dog Food TopperMerrickMerrick Backcountry Freeze-Dried Raw Meal Mixer Real Beef Recipe Dog Food TopperTopper // No. 2 on the labelInstinct Raw Boost Mixers All Natural Beef Recipe Freeze-Dried Dog Food TopperInstinctInstinct Raw Boost Mixers All Natural Beef Recipe Freeze-Dried Dog Food TopperTopper // No. 2 on the labelBlue Carnivora Adult Prairie Blend Dry Dog FoodBlueBlue Carnivora Adult Prairie Blend Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 2 on the labelK9 Natural Baked & Coated Grass-Fed Red Recipe Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodK9 NaturalK9 Natural Baked & Coated Grass-Fed Red Recipe Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 3 on the labelWe Feed Raw Venison Recipe Frozen Dog FoodWe Feed RawWe Feed Raw Venison Recipe Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 3 on the labelKismet Shakers Daily Skin & Coat Formula Freeze-Dried Beef & Beef Liver Recipe Dog Food TopperKismetKismet Shakers Daily Skin & Coat Formula Freeze-Dried Beef & Beef Liver Recipe Dog Food TopperTopper // No. 3 on the labelTruDog Raw Beef Meal Bites Grain-Free Freeze-Dried Dog FoodTruDogTruDog Raw Beef Meal Bites Grain-Free Freeze-Dried Dog FoodFreeze-Dried // No. 3 on the labelOpen Farm Grass-Fed Beef Raw Patties Freeze-Dried Dog FoodOpen FarmOpen Farm Grass-Fed Beef Raw Patties Freeze-Dried Dog FoodFreeze-Dried // No. 3 on the labelGentle Giants already_have Natural Non GMO Ingredients Dog and Puppy Food - Fresh Beef Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodGentle GiantsGentle Giants already_have Natural Non GMO Ingredients Dog and Puppy Food - Fresh Beef Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 3 on the labelNutriSource Beef & Lamb Recipe Freeze-Dried Dog FoodNutriSourceNutriSource Beef & Lamb Recipe Freeze-Dried Dog FoodFreeze-Dried // No. 3 on the labelWe Feed Raw Lamb Recipe Frozen Dog FoodWe Feed RawWe Feed Raw Lamb Recipe Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 3 on the labelInstinct Original Bites for Dogs Pollock Recipe Grain-Free Freeze-Dried Dog FoodInstinctInstinct Original Bites for Dogs Pollock Recipe Grain-Free Freeze-Dried Dog FoodFreeze-Dried // No. 3 on the labelNulo Raw Beef Recipe with Apples Freeze-Dried Dog FoodNuloNulo Raw Beef Recipe with Apples Freeze-Dried Dog FoodFreeze-Dried // No. 3 on the labelVital Essentials Soft Nibs Beef Freeze-Dried Dog FoodVital EssentialsVital Essentials Soft Nibs Beef Freeze-Dried Dog FoodFreeze-Dried // No. 3 on the labelStella & Chewy’s Raw Dinner Patties Beef & Salmon Perfectly Puppy Dinner Patties Freeze-Dried Dog FoodStella & Chewy'sStella & Chewy’s Raw Dinner Patties Beef & Salmon Perfectly Puppy Dinner Patties Freeze-Dried Dog FoodFreeze-Dried // No. 3 on the labelStella & Chewy’s Itty Bitty Beef Lil’ Bites - Raw for Small Breeds Freeze-Dried Dog FoodStella & Chewy'sStella & Chewy’s Itty Bitty Beef Lil’ Bites - Raw for Small Breeds Freeze-Dried Dog FoodFreeze-Dried // No. 3 on the labelTucker’s Beef-Pumpkin Diet Freeze-Dried Dog FoodTucker'sTucker’s Beef-Pumpkin Diet Freeze-Dried Dog FoodFreeze-Dried // No. 3 on the labelTucker’s Patties Beef-Pumpkin Raw Diet Frozen Dog FoodTucker'sTucker’s Patties Beef-Pumpkin Raw Diet Frozen Dog FoodFrozen // No. 3 on the labelSmallbatch Small Batch Beef Small Bites Freeze-Dried Dog FoodSmallbatchSmallbatch Small Batch Beef Small Bites Freeze-Dried Dog FoodFreeze-Dried // No. 3 on the labelSmallbatch Beef Sliders Freeze-Dried Dog FoodSmallbatchSmallbatch Beef Sliders Freeze-Dried Dog FoodFreeze-Dried // No. 3 on the labelDave’s Pet Food Naturally Healthy Beef & Rice Entrée For Dogs / Wet Dog FoodDave's Pet FoodDave’s Pet Food Naturally Healthy Beef & Rice Entrée For Dogs / Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 3 on the labelDave’s Pet Food Stewlicious Meaty Beefy Stew For Dogs / Wet Dog FoodDave's Pet FoodDave’s Pet Food Stewlicious Meaty Beefy Stew For Dogs / Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 3 on the label

Leaving it out

Foods without beef

For owners who skip beef: popular wet foods priced like the ones that list it ($2.29 to $4.57 per lb), with no beef on the label.

NutriSource Prairie Select Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodNutriSourceNutriSource Prairie Select Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodWet // $3.26 per lbZignature Original Food Zssential Formula Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodZignatureZignature Original Food Zssential Formula Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodWet // $3.32 per lbZignature Original Food Trout & Salmon Formula Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodZignatureZignature Original Food Trout & Salmon Formula Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodWet // $3.32 per lbRoyal Canin Breed Health Nutrition Labrador Retriever Adult Wet Dog FoodRoyal CaninRoyal Canin Breed Health Nutrition Labrador Retriever Adult Wet Dog FoodWet // $3.33 per lbGentle Giants Natural Non GMO Ingredients Grain Free Dog and Puppy Food Gentle Giants ‘Quality of Life’ 90% Salmon -Dog and Pupp Wet Dog FoodGentle GiantsGentle Giants Natural Non GMO Ingredients Grain Free Dog and Puppy Food Gentle Giants ‘Quality of Life’ 90% Salmon -Dog and Pupp Wet Dog FoodWet // $3.17 per lbMerrick Grain Free Limited Ingredient Lamb Wet Dog FoodMerrickMerrick Grain Free Limited Ingredient Lamb Wet Dog FoodWet // $3.45 per lbHill’s Science Diet Adult Light Wet Dog FoodHill'sHill’s Science Diet Adult Light Wet Dog FoodWet // $2.90 per lbBlue Freedom Senior Chicken Wet Dog FoodBlueBlue Freedom Senior Chicken Wet Dog FoodWet // $2.87 per lb

Checked against the ingredient list we store for each food. Labels change, so read the bag before you buy.

On labels as

Other names for this

Manufacturers do not all use the same wording. These all mean the same thing.

Fresh Beef Liver Organic Beef Liver

Sources

What we read

Checked October 24, 2026.

  1. 1 Canine Food Preference Assessment of Animal and Vegetable Ingredient-Based Diets Using Single-Pan Tests and Behavioral Observation Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2017 // Journal
  2. 2 Critically appraised topic on adverse food reactions of companion animals (2): common food allergen sources in dogs and cats BMC Veterinary Research, 2016 // Journal
  3. 3 ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis in dogs Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2019 // Journal
  4. 4 Nutritional Characteristics and Active Components in Liver from Wagyu×Qinchuan Cattle Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources, 2014 // Journal
  5. 5 Liver meal from warm-blooded animals Feedipedia (INRAE, CIRAD, AFZ, FAO), 2012 // Database
  6. 6 P.PSH.1430 - Reduction of Vitamin A in lamb liver for pet food application Meat & Livestock Australia, 2023 // Industry
  7. 7 USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Release 28: Vitamin A content of foods U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2015 // Government
  8. 8 Get the Facts! Raw Pet Food Diets can be Dangerous to You and Your Pet U.S. Food and Drug Administration, n.d. // Government
  9. 9 What's in the Ingredients List? AAFCO, n.d. // Regulator
An ingredient on its own tells you very little. What matters is how much of it there is and where it sits in the list. That is why we weigh the top five rather than reacting to any single name further down. Back to the wiki

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