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Ingredient file // Vitamin or mineral

Manganese Proteinate

A trace mineral supplement with modest evidence

Manganese proteinate is manganese bound to fragments of hydrolyzed protein and sold as a powdered feed mineral. It supplies a nutrient dogs need in tiny amounts, but claims that this form dramatically improves absorption or repairs joints run ahead of dog evidence.

Role in the food Supporting nutrient
What it is
A powdered manganese supplement made by binding the mineral to amino acids and small protein fragments.
Made from
Manganese salt and hydrolyzed protein
Main job
Supplies dietary manganese
Typical amount
Trace amounts; one dog trial added 10 mg manganese per kg
Watch for
Accidental overdose of separate mineral or joint supplements
Not the same as
Manganese sulfate

Straight answer

Is Manganese Proteinate safe for dogs?

Read it as a small mineral addition

Near the other mineral names, manganese proteinate tells you how the maker added some manganese. It does not tell you the finished food's total manganese or prove better joints. Check the nutritional adequacy statement for your dog's life stage, and do not add a manganese supplement because this name appears on the bag.

Why it is in the food
Supplies dietary manganese

Our read // In our catalog

In 1 of every 2 foods we track

Share of foods that list it

45%

1,441 of the 3,204 foods with an ingredient list on file, from 71 brands. 1,038 dry dog food, 298 wet dog food, 44 frozen dog food.

Each square is 1% of the catalog

Where it sits on the label

Median position 24. In the top five of 2 foods, so it is usually a minor ingredient.

Top five List position, heaviest first

Above the salt

6%

Usually listed after the salt, which caps it at roughly 1% of the recipe in 94% of foods.

Price per lb

Foods with it $3.54
All foods $3.25

Median of the cheapest bag price across 884 priced foods, 9% above the catalog. The price is the food's, not the ingredient's.

Who leans on it

8%

of the foods that list it are from Royal Canin. 71 brands use it in total.

The story

From crooked chick legs to dog food mineral premixes

Manganese entered animal feed through farm research, not dog research. In 1931, two separate studies reported that rats needed it for normal reproduction. In 1936, Wilgus and colleagues tied perosis, a crippling leg deformity in growing chicks, to a lack of manganese. That work suggested about 35 ppm in the diet to keep perosis down, one of the first published requirements for any trace mineral.10

Later work explained why the legs failed. Two enzymes that assemble the proteoglycans in growing cartilage need manganese as a co-factor. Over the past 2 decades, the research question shifted from how much to which form. A 2021 Poultry Science review notes that much recent trace mineral work compares organic and inorganic sources, and that differences between organic products often become talking points for company marketing.10

What it is

How it is made

Feed additive makers produce manganese proteinate to give formulators a measured source of manganese. It is a purpose-made supplement, not a leftover from meat or protein processing.4,7

  1. 01 // Source Protein and manganese A protein source and a soluble manganese salt provide the parts for the feed additive.
  2. 02 // Process Protein broken down Partial hydrolysis turns the protein into a mixture of amino acids and short peptides.
  3. 03 // Process Mineral bound The manganese salt reacts with that mixture, binding mineral to some of the protein fragments.
  4. 04 // Output Proteinate powder The finished powdered supplement is measured into a mineral premix before it enters the dog food recipe.

What is in it

Composition, dry matter

15.8

% manganese

One commercial powder contains this much manganese on a dry matter basis. Its protein fragments are carriers, not a meaningful protein serving for dogs.

Manganese 157,895 mg/kg3
Crude protein 35%3
Lysine 1.7%3

These figures describe one commercial powder, not every manganese proteinate. The protein source, hydrolysis method and mineral binding process differ between products, so the name alone does not specify a fixed composition.3,4,7

Benefits

What it does for your dog

Each benefit carries the same evidence grade as the claims below.

  1. 01

    Enough manganese for daily needs

    The proteinate adds manganese toward the minimum in AAFCO's dog profiles. That supply is plain arithmetic, and a 30-food lab survey found every dry food tested already met the recommended minimum.2,3,12

    1. Strong
    2. Some
    3. Thin
    4. None
  2. 02

    Normal cartilage and bone growth

    Manganese is a co-factor for two enzymes that build cartilage proteoglycans, and a shortage deforms chick legs. We found no dog deficiency trial, so the support is other species plus mechanism.10

    1. Strong
    2. Some
    3. Thin
    4. None
  3. 03

    Steadier gait during hard exercise

    One Zinpro-funded trial in 40 Labradors found better step time symmetry with amino acid complexed minerals. Manganese came mixed with 4 other minerals, in a different form from proteinate.11

    1. Strong
    2. Some
    3. Thin
    4. None
  4. 04

    Better skin and coat

    The 40-Labrador trial found no skin and coat difference between complexed and inorganic minerals. The 20-dog proteinate comparison measured hair manganese levels, not how the coat looked.1,11

    1. Strong
    2. Some
    3. Thin
    4. None

Why it is in the bag

A real mineral source, used in tiny amounts

  1. Main nutrition
  2. Supporting nutrient
  3. Does a job
  4. Mostly filler

Makers add it to reach the manganese minimum in AAFCO's dog profiles with a measured, concentrated dose. It sits far down the list because labels rank ingredients by weight and a mineral goes in at tiny amounts, not because it does nothing. Many foods likely get manganese from their other ingredients too; in one dry food survey, the highest manganese foods got most of theirs from ingredients, not additives.2,3,9,12

  1. 01

    Meets a mineral target

    Manganese is an essential nutrient with a minimum in the dog food nutrient profiles. A measured supplement lets a formulator add it when the other ingredients do not supply enough.2,9

  2. 02

    Fits a mineral premix

    The powdered additive is supplied for feed manufacture. Adding a measured trace mineral through a premix scales more easily than relying on the variable manganese content of bulk ingredients.3,7

  3. 03

    Offers another mineral form

    Manufacturers use proteinates in place of some inorganic manganese, hoping the bound form is used more efficiently. The direct dog comparison found no difference in serum or liver manganese.1,4

How much A 24-week dog comparison added 10 mg of manganese per kg of food as proteinate or sulfate.1

Our read // The claims

What the evidence supports

Strong: controlled studies in dogs agree. Some: small or mixed dog data. Thin: mechanism or lab work only. None: nothing, or the evidence points the other way.

  1. Brands say

    It adds manganese dogs need

    Evidence

    1. Strong
    2. Some
    3. Thin
    4. None

    A listed commercial proteinate contains 157,895 mg manganese per kg of dry powder, so it plainly adds manganese. AAFCO sets an adult food minimum of 5 mg per kg dry matter; the ingredient name does not reveal the finished food's total.2,3

  2. Brands say

    Proteinates absorb far better than manganese sulfate

    Outruns the evidence

    Evidence

    1. Strong
    2. Some
    3. Thin
    4. None

    In a 20-dog comparison, hair manganese was 12.6 versus 9.7 micrograms per gram, a weak statistical trend. Serum and liver manganese did not differ. A broiler trial favors proteinate, but that cannot prove a large advantage in dogs.1,5

  3. Brands say

    Manganese proteinate boosts antioxidant protection in dogs

    Outruns the evidence

    Evidence

    1. Strong
    2. Some
    3. Thin
    4. None

    Manganese is used by an antioxidant enzyme, and a 42-day broiler trial measured improved oxidative stress indicators with proteinate. The dog proteinate comparison measured mineral status, not antioxidant protection or a health outcome.1,5,6

  4. Brands say

    Manganese proteinate rebuilds sore joints

    Outruns the evidence

    Evidence

    1. Strong
    2. Some
    3. Thin
    4. None

    Manganese helps enzymes make normal cartilage components. That mechanism does not show treatment of arthritis: the 20-dog proteinate comparison measured mineral status, not pain, movement or cartilage repair.1,6,8

The research

Studies worth knowing

Published research we read for this page, dog studies first.

  1. 2025 // Feeding trial, 2 mineral forms

    Complexed minerals nudged gait in exercising Labradors11

    40 healthy adult Labrador Retrievers, about 3 years old

    Found. Over a 9-week exercise program ending in an 8 km run, dogs on amino acid complexed zinc, manganese, copper, iron and selenium had better step time symmetry. Skin and coat scores did not differ.

    What it means. One mineral maker's trial with 5 minerals at once. It hints at a performance effect but cannot credit manganese proteinate alone.

  2. 2020 // Lab analysis

    Every tested dry dog food met the manganese minimum12

    30 dry complete foods for adult dogs

    Found. Manganese ran from about 10 to 212 mg per kg dry matter, so every food met the recommended minimum. Ten foods (33%) exceeded it more than 10 times, and 2 insect protein foods passed the legal limit.

    What it means. Kibble in this survey was not short on manganese. A separate manganese supplement adds to an existing supply rather than filling a gap.

Straight answers

What owners ask

  1. Q01

    Is it just filler?

    No

    It supplies manganese, an essential nutrient with a minimum in the dog food profiles. The protein in the compound carries the mineral; at the small amounts used for mineral supplementation, it is not a meaningful protein source.1,2,3

  2. Q02

    Is it better than manganese sulfate?

    Unclear in dogs

    The direct dog comparison found a modest hair manganese trend but no serum or liver difference. Both forms supplied manganese. The label does not show that proteinate gives a healthy dog a practical advantage.1

  3. Q03

    Should I add more manganese?

    No, by default

    An ingredient line cannot tell you the food's total manganese content. Check that the food is complete and balanced for your dog's life stage; adding a separate mineral or joint supplement without a specific reason risks excess.6,9

Who uses it

Brands, best sellers and the company it keeps

Top brands, by foods that list it

  1. Royal Canin 122 / 160
  2. Wellness 94 / 118
  3. NutriSource 88 / 91
  4. Instinct 75 / 98
  5. Nulo 74 / 117
  6. Stella & Chewy's 72 / 85
  7. Fromm 59 / 67
  8. Natural Balance 45 / 48
  9. Zignature 39 / 46
  10. Open Farm 35 / 42

Foods that list it / all the brand's recipes we track.

Plus 61 more brands.

Amazon best sellers that list it

  1. #3 Purina Pro Plan Adult Complete Essentials Shredded Blend Chicken & Rice Formula Dry Dog Food
  2. #7 Stella & Chewy’s Marie’s Magical Dinner Dust Cage-Free Chicken Recipe Freeze-Dried Raw Dog Food Topper
  3. #8 Diamond Naturals Skin & Coat Formula All Life Stages Salmon & Potato Formula Dry Dog Food
  4. #17 Taste of the Wild High Prairie Canine Recipe with Roasted Bison & Roasted Venison Grain-Free Dry Dog Food
  5. #20 Purina Pro Plan Adult Small Breed Shredded Blend Chicken & Rice Formula Dry Dog Food
  6. #26 Purina Pro Plan Puppy Chicken & Rice Formula Dry Dog Food
  7. #29 Royal Canin Small Adult Dry Dog Food
  8. #31 Open Farm Wild Caught Salmon with Ancient Grains Dry Dog Food

Rank on Amazon's dog food best seller list, checked October 2026.

Usually listed with, share of the foods that list it

  1. Mixed Tocopherols 44%
  2. Chicken Fat 39%
  3. Natural Flavor 37%
  4. Flaxseed 36%
  5. Peas 33%
  6. Chicken 31%
  7. Chicken Meal 25%
  8. Brown Rice 22%
  9. Dried Plain Beet Pulp 20%
  10. Sweet Potatoes 18%
  11. Carrots 18%
  12. Oatmeal 16%

On the shelf

Foods that list Manganese Proteinate

1,441 foods in our catalog list it. These 60 list it highest on the label.

Evanger’s Grain Free Braised Beef Chunks with Gravy - packed by hand! Wet Dog FoodEvanger'sEvanger’s Grain Free Braised Beef Chunks with Gravy - packed by hand! Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 5 on the labelEvanger’s Roasted Chicken Drummet Dinner - packed by hand! Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodEvanger'sEvanger’s Roasted Chicken Drummet Dinner - packed by hand! Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 5 on the labelAgainst the Grain The Good Egg - Steak ‘n Egg Wet Dog FoodAgainst the GrainAgainst the Grain The Good Egg - Steak ‘n Egg Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 6 on the labelAgainst the Grain The Good Egg - Bacon N Eggs Scramble Wet Dog FoodAgainst the GrainAgainst the Grain The Good Egg - Bacon N Eggs Scramble Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 6 on the labelWysong Fundamentals Dry Dog FoodWysongWysong Fundamentals Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 6 on the labelThe Honest Kitchen Tender Turkey One Pot Stew Wet Dog FoodThe Honest KitchenThe Honest Kitchen Tender Turkey One Pot Stew Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 7 on the labelThe Honest Kitchen Slow Cooked Chicken One Pot Stew Wet Dog FoodThe Honest KitchenThe Honest Kitchen Slow Cooked Chicken One Pot Stew Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 7 on the labelWellness Core 95% Chicken & Broccoli Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodWellnessWellness Core 95% Chicken & Broccoli Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 8 on the labelFromm Four-Star Diner Specials Slow-Cooked Pulled Pork Entrée in Gravy Wet Dog FoodFrommFromm Four-Star Diner Specials Slow-Cooked Pulled Pork Entrée in Gravy Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 8 on the labelWysong Original Diets Healthy Aging Dry Dog FoodWysongWysong Original Diets Healthy Aging Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 8 on the labelFromm Four-Star Diner Classics Charlie’s Chicken Pot Pie Pâté Wet Dog FoodFrommFromm Four-Star Diner Classics Charlie’s Chicken Pot Pie Pâté Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 9 on the labelFirstMate Pacific Ocean Fish Weight Control Formula Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodFirstMateFirstMate Pacific Ocean Fish Weight Control Formula Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 9 on the label
Show 48 more
Evanger’s Chunky Chicken Casserole - packed by hand! Wet Dog FoodEvanger'sEvanger’s Chunky Chicken Casserole - packed by hand! Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 7 on the labelEvanger’s EVX Restricted Diet: Weight Management Wet Dog FoodEvanger'sEvanger’s EVX Restricted Diet: Weight Management Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 7 on the labelEvanger’s Grain Free; Super Premium Chicken Dinner Wet Dog FoodEvanger'sEvanger’s Grain Free; Super Premium Chicken Dinner Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 7 on the labelEvanger’s Super Premium EVX Restricted Diet: Skin & Coat Wet Dog FoodEvanger'sEvanger’s Super Premium EVX Restricted Diet: Skin & Coat Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 8 on the labelEvanger’s Grain Free LID Venison + Beef Dinner Wet Dog FoodEvanger'sEvanger’s Grain Free LID Venison + Beef Dinner Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 8 on the labelThe Honest Kitchen Roasted Beef One Pot Stew Wet Dog FoodThe Honest KitchenThe Honest Kitchen Roasted Beef One Pot Stew Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 8 on the labelThe Honest Kitchen Braised Beef & Lamb One Pot Stew Wet Dog FoodThe Honest KitchenThe Honest Kitchen Braised Beef & Lamb One Pot Stew Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 8 on the labelEvanger’s EVX Restricted Diet: Digestion Bland Diet Wet Dog FoodEvanger'sEvanger’s EVX Restricted Diet: Digestion Bland Diet Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 9 on the labelThe Honest Kitchen Turkey, Duck & Root Veggies Butcher Block Pâté Wet Dog FoodThe Honest KitchenThe Honest Kitchen Turkey, Duck & Root Veggies Butcher Block Pâté Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 9 on the labelFirstMate Pacific Ocean Fish Large Breed Formula Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodFirstMateFirstMate Pacific Ocean Fish Large Breed Formula Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 9 on the labelFirstMate Pacific Ocean Fish Meal Original Formula Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodFirstMateFirstMate Pacific Ocean Fish Meal Original Formula Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 9 on the labelWysong Archetype Burgers Freeze-Dried Raw Dog FoodWysongWysong Archetype Burgers Freeze-Dried Raw Dog FoodFreeze-Dried // No. 9 on the labelNow Fresh Chicken & Broth Wet Food for Small Breed Dogs Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodNow FreshNow Fresh Chicken & Broth Wet Food for Small Breed Dogs Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 10 on the labelBixbi Rawbble Grain-Free Freeze-Dried Dog FoodBIXBIBixbi Rawbble Grain-Free Freeze-Dried Dog FoodFreeze-Dried // No. 10 on the labelFromm Four-Star Pâté Chicken & Rice Pâté Wet Dog FoodFrommFromm Four-Star Pâté Chicken & Rice Pâté Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 10 on the labelFirstMate Limited Ingredient Diet Free Run Chicken Formula Dry Dog FoodFirstMateFirstMate Limited Ingredient Diet Free Run Chicken Formula Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 10 on the labelZignature Inception Fish Recipe Food Can Wet Dog FoodZignatureZignature Inception Fish Recipe Food Can Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 10 on the labelFromm Pâté Beef & Barley Pâté Wet Dog FoodFrommFromm Pâté Beef & Barley Pâté Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 10 on the labelFromm Pâté Lamb Pâté Wet Dog FoodFrommFromm Pâté Lamb Pâté Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 10 on the labelFromm Pâté Lamb & Sweet Potato Pâté Wet Dog FoodFrommFromm Pâté Lamb & Sweet Potato Pâté Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 10 on the labelThe Honest Kitchen Turkey & Autumn Veggies Butcher Block Pâté Wet Dog FoodThe Honest KitchenThe Honest Kitchen Turkey & Autumn Veggies Butcher Block Pâté Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 10 on the labelThe Honest Kitchen Beef, Cheddar & Farm Veggies Butcher Block Pâté Wet Dog FoodThe Honest KitchenThe Honest Kitchen Beef, Cheddar & Farm Veggies Butcher Block Pâté Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 10 on the labelHealth Extension food Grain Free Turkey Entree Wet Dog FoodHealth ExtensionHealth Extension food Grain Free Turkey Entree Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 10 on the labelFirstMate Chicken Meal With Blueberries Formula Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodFirstMateFirstMate Chicken Meal With Blueberries Formula Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 10 on the labelGather Free Acres Organic Free-Run Chicken Recipe for Adult Dogs Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodGatherGather Free Acres Organic Free-Run Chicken Recipe for Adult Dogs Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 10 on the labelCanidae Under the Sun Grain-Free Chicken Recipe Dry Dog FoodCanidaeCanidae Under the Sun Grain-Free Chicken Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 10 on the labelCanidae Pure Grain-Free Real Wild Boar & Garbanzo Bean Recipe Dry Dog FoodCanidaeCanidae Pure Grain-Free Real Wild Boar & Garbanzo Bean Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 10 on the labelDave’s Pet Food 95% Premium Meats Turkey & Chicken For Dogs / Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodDave's Pet FoodDave’s Pet Food 95% Premium Meats Turkey & Chicken For Dogs / Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 11 on the labelDave’s Pet Food 95% Premium Meats Chicken & Beef For Dogs / Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodDave's Pet FoodDave’s Pet Food 95% Premium Meats Chicken & Beef For Dogs / Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 11 on the labelEvanger’s EVX Restricted Diet: Hip & Joint and Senior Support Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodEvanger'sEvanger’s EVX Restricted Diet: Hip & Joint and Senior Support Grain-Free Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 11 on the labelWysong Original Diets Senior with Organic Turkey Wet Dog FoodWysongWysong Original Diets Senior with Organic Turkey Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 11 on the labelWysong Original Diets Adult with Organic Chicken Wet Dog FoodWysongWysong Original Diets Adult with Organic Chicken Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 11 on the labelZignature Inception Chicken Recipe Food Can Wet Dog FoodZignatureZignature Inception Chicken Recipe Food Can Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 11 on the labelZignature Inception Pork Recipe Food Can Wet Dog FoodZignatureZignature Inception Pork Recipe Food Can Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 11 on the labelFromm Pâté Chicken & Duck Pâté Wet Dog FoodFrommFromm Pâté Chicken & Duck Pâté Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 11 on the labelFromm Pâté Chicken & Sweet Potato Pâté Wet Dog FoodFrommFromm Pâté Chicken & Sweet Potato Pâté Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 11 on the labelFromm Pâté Salmon & Chicken Pâté Wet Dog FoodFrommFromm Pâté Salmon & Chicken Pâté Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 11 on the labelFromm Classic Adult Turkey & Rice Pâté Wet Dog FoodFrommFromm Classic Adult Turkey & Rice Pâté Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 11 on the labelFromm Four-Star Diner Specials Chicken Canine Bleu Entrée in Gravy Wet Dog FoodFrommFromm Four-Star Diner Specials Chicken Canine Bleu Entrée in Gravy Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 11 on the labelFromm Four-Star Diner Classics Paula’s Chicken & Pumpkin Pâté Wet Dog FoodFrommFromm Four-Star Diner Classics Paula’s Chicken & Pumpkin Pâté Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 11 on the labelFromm Classic Puppy Chicken & Salmon Pâté Wet Dog FoodFrommFromm Classic Puppy Chicken & Salmon Pâté Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 11 on the labelFirstMate Kasiks Wild Pacific Ocean Fish Meal Formula Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodFirstMateFirstMate Kasiks Wild Pacific Ocean Fish Meal Formula Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 11 on the labelFirstMate Skoki Dry Dog FoodFirstMateFirstMate Skoki Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 11 on the labelNature’s Recipe Healthy Skin Vegetarian Recipe Dry Dog FoodNature's RecipeNature’s Recipe Healthy Skin Vegetarian Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 11 on the labelInstinct Limited Ingredient Diet Grain-Free Recipe with Real Lamb Dry Dog FoodInstinctInstinct Limited Ingredient Diet Grain-Free Recipe with Real Lamb Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 11 on the labelCanidae Under the Sun Grain-Free Recipe Large Breed Real Chicken Dry Dog FoodCanidaeCanidae Under the Sun Grain-Free Recipe Large Breed Real Chicken Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 11 on the labelCanidae Under The Sun Grain-Free Lamb Recipe Dry Dog FoodCanidaeCanidae Under The Sun Grain-Free Lamb Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 11 on the labelCanidae Pure Grain-Free Real Lamb, Goat & Venison Meals Recipe Dry Dog FoodCanidaeCanidae Pure Grain-Free Real Lamb, Goat & Venison Meals Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 11 on the label

Sources

What we read

Checked September 29, 2026.

  1. 1 Effect of Bioplex organic trace minerals on copper, manganese, and zinc status of the canine Journal of Animal Science meeting abstracts, 2004 // Journal
  2. 2 AAFCO Dog Food Nutrient Profiles AAFCO, 2013 // Regulator
  3. 3 KeyShure Manganese Proteinate 15% (Balchem) - Equine Nutrition Analysis Mad Barn Feed Bank, n.d. // Database
  4. 4 Influence of the Chelation Process on the Stability of Organic Trace Mineral Supplements Used in Animal Nutrition Animals, 2021 // Journal
  5. 5 Effects of Inorganic and Organic Manganese Supplementation on Growth Performance, Tibia Development, and Oxidative Stress in Broiler Chickens Biological Trace Element Research, 2022 // Journal
  6. 6 Acute enteral manganese intoxication with hepatic failure due to ingestion of a joint supplement overdose Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2014 // Journal
  7. 7 Buffermin Manganese Proteinate JH Biotech, n.d. // Industry
  8. 8 Manganese for Dogs: The Foreman That Builds Strong Joints and Bones VitaDog, 2026 // Industry
  9. 9 Reading Labels AAFCO, n.d. // Regulator
  10. 10 Centennial Review: Trace mineral research with an emphasis on manganese Poultry Science, 2021 // Journal
  11. 11 Gait, skin and coat, and plasma cytokine changes in response to exercise and trace mineral source Journal of Animal Science, 2025 // Journal
  12. 12 Mineral Composition of Cereal and Cereal-Free Dry Dog Foods versus Nutritional Guidelines Molecules, 2020 // Journal
An ingredient on its own tells you very little. What matters is how much of it there is and where it sits in the list. That is why we weigh the top five rather than reacting to any single name further down. Back to the wiki

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